A groundbreaking study by researchers at the Institute for Basic Science highlights lithium as a potential treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly in cases linked to Dyrk1a mutations. Lithium was demonstrated to significantly restore brain function, synaptic structure, and alleviate behavioral symptoms in Dyrk1a-mutant mouse models. The treatment effects were found to persist into adulthood, suggesting long-term benefits from early intervention. The study identifies lithium's action on Kalirin-7 as central to its therapeutic benefits, paving the way for new ASD treatments and emphasizing early diagnosis and intervention.