In October 2023, Federica Nicolardi received a transformative image of a papyrus fragment from the Herculaneum scrolls, legible due to AI techniques. These scrolls, carbonized by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, have historically remained unreadable. The Vesuvius Challenge, a project using artificial intelligence to interpret these ancient texts, exemplifies AI's potential to revolutionize the study of historical documents. AI is enabling scholars to decode lost languages, decipher fragmented texts, and explore ancient writings, thus broadening the scope of research questions and access to historical knowledge. Efforts like those of Brent Seales and Nat Friedman to virtually "unwrap" scrolls using high-resolution CT scans and sophisticated AI models have produced significant results, such as unveiling previously unknown Greek philosophical texts. This advancement promises to expand the available data from ancient archives significantly, paving the way for unprecedented archaeological discoveries.