Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, typically part of a healthy gut microbiome, can cause serious illness if overabundant due to inflammation or contaminated food. AI analysis of 12,000 global stool samples reveals a predictable microbiome signature linked to Enterobacteriaceae colonization. Researchers identified 135 protective gut species, notably Faecalibacterium, which produce protective short-chain fatty acids from dietary fiber. Increasing fiber intake promotes beneficial bacteria growth, reducing pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae levels, unlike probiotics that fail to alter the gut environment directly. As antibiotic resistance increases, dietary changes are emphasized as a preventive measure against infections like Klebsiella pneumoniae.