New research has shed light on hornworts, ancient plants that pioneered the move from aquatic to terrestrial environments over 450 million years ago. By sequencing the genomes of ten hornwort species, scientists found that these plants have maintained stable chromosomes without whole-genome duplication, unlike many other plants. The study also identified dynamic accessory chromosomes and potential sex chromosomes, offering insights into plant reproductive evolution. Furthermore, the research highlighted genes involved in key functions like flavonoid production and stomata formation, enhancing understanding of early land adaptation. The comprehensive dataset developed provides valuable information on evolutionary resilience and future plant adaptation.